In this lecture, we will quickly break down the different types of respiratory drugs and how they are somehow connected with anaphylactic medications, which are both necessary to increase oxygenation inside the body, specifically, the lungs. BAM and SLM If there’s the presence of lung inflammation, there are a couple of ways to decrease the [...]
When dealing with stable and unstable angina, what you have to keep in mind is that both are due to low oxygenation of the heart. Angina technically means chest or heart pain. Vasoconstriction versus Vasodilation If a patient has coronary artery disease (CAD) which is caused by high cholesterol, there is increased plaque formation within [...]
After going through the functions of the liver in our previous lecture, we’ll be discussing the different types of liver diseases like hepatitis, ascites, cirrhosis, and encephalopathy. We’ll also tackle the different ways on how patients with these diseases should be cared for. We highly recommend that you go through the first liver lecture before [...]
In our previous lectures, we have started discussing the different types of drugs used for heart failure or other heart-related conditions, namely: inotropic, chronotropic, and dromotropic. A quick way to remember these drugs is to categorize them into A, B, C, D, and E. Since we’ve already discussed A and B, we’ll focus on the [...]
After going through the three things that the kidneys filter, we’ll head on to what the kidneys produce that helps in creating red blood cells within the bone marrow. We’ll also tackle some of the kidneys’ main functions, with a bit of pathophysiology. Let’s start. Kidney Malfunction If the kidneys are not working properly or [...]
In this lecture, we will go through the different complications of inserting peripheral catheters through different scenarios and questions. Let’s start. Scenario 1: A certified doctor is inserting a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line to a patient. As the doctor inserts the central line and tethers it through, the patient, all of a sudden, [...]
Respiratory failure is a lung issue that happens when there is insufficient oxygen passing through the lungs and into the blood. For proper functioning of the different parts of the body, it needs ample amount of oxygen in the blood. Going into this respiratory failure lecture, there will be ventilation problems versus oxygen exchange problems. [...]
Today, we’ll be focusing on a topic that is quite confusing for some - cerebrovascular accident (CVA) versus transient ischemic attack (TIA). CVA and TIA are conditions that occur due to lack of oxygen in the brain. To compare, if there’s oxygen depletion or deprivation in the heart, the condition is called a heart attack. [...]
Continuing from a series of lectures on the liver, we have indicated the importance of remembering the PDSM Recycling Company. This recycling company is the liver and PDSM suggests the liver’s primary functions – Produce, Detox, Storage, and Metabolize. When it comes to hepatic encephalopathy, the liver’s metabolic properties are compromised. Focusing on Metabolism What [...]
ARDS stands for acute respiratory distress syndrome – these are just some fancy words for a condition that’s causing severe alveoli inflammation leading to structural collapse and instability. The Alveoli For those who are unaware what alveoli are, they are those small sacs located at the end portion of the respiratory tract. You can think [...]
